BY-LAWS
OF
HURON
CONSULTING GROUP INC.
(hereinafter
called the "Corporation")
ARTICLE
I
OFFICES
Section
1. Registered
Office
. The
registered office of the Corporation shall be in the City of Wilmington, County
of New Castle, State of Delaware.
Section
2. Other
Offices
. The
Corporation may also have offices at such other places, both within and without
the State of Delaware, as the Board of Directors may from time to time
determine.
ARTICLE
II
MEETINGS
OF STOCKHOLDERS
Section
1. Place
of Meetings
.
Meetings of the stockholders for the election of directors or for any other
purpose shall be held at such time and place, either within or without the State
of Delaware, as shall be designated from time to time by the Board of
Directors.
Section
2. Annual
Meetings
. The
Annual Meeting of Stockholders for the election of directors shall be held on
such date and at such time
as shall be designated from time to time by the Board
of Directors. Subject to Section
4 of this
Article
II, any
other proper business may be transacted at the Annual Meeting of
Stockholders.
Section
3. Special
Meetings
. Unless
otherwise required by law or by the certificate of incorporation of the
Corporation, as amended and restated from time to time (the "Certificate of
Incorporation"), Special Meetings of Stockholders, for any purpose or purposes,
may be called by either (i) the Chairman of the Board of Directors, if there be
one, (ii) the President or (iii) the Board of Directors. Such request shall
state the purpose or purposes of the proposed meeting. No business shall be
conducted at a Special Meeting of Stockholders except for such business as shall
have been brought before the meeting pursuant to the Corporation's notice of
meeting (or any supplement thereto). The ability of the stockholders to call a
Special Meeting of Stockholders is hereby specifically denied.
Section
4. Nature
of Business at Annual Meetings of Stockholders
. No
business may be transacted at an Annual Meeting of Stockholders, other than
business that is either (a) specified in the notice of meeting (or any
supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of the Board of Directors (or
any duly authorized committee thereof), (b) otherwise properly brought before
the Annual Meeting by or at the direction of the Board of Directors (or any duly
authorized committee thereof), or (c) otherwise properly brought before the
Annual Meeting by any stockholder of the Corporation (i) who is a stockholder of
record on the date of
the giving of the notice provided for in this Section
4 and on
the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to notice of and
to vote at such Annual Meeting and (ii) who complies with the notice procedures
set forth in this Section
4.
In
addition to any other applicable requirements, for business to be properly
brought before an Annual Meeting by a stockholder, such stockholder must have
given timely notice thereof in proper written form to the Secretary of the
Corporation.
To be
timely, a stockholder's notice to the Secretary must be delivered to or mailed
and received at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not less than
ninety (90) days nor more than one hundred twenty (120) days prior to the
anniversary date of the immediately preceding Annual Meeting of Stockholders;
provided,
however, that in
the event that the Annual Meeting is called for a date that is not within thirty
(30) days before or after such anniversary date, notice by the stockholder in
order to be timely must be so received not later than the close of business on
the tenth (10th) day following the day on which such notice of the date of the
Annual Meeting was mailed or public disclosure of the date of the Annual Meeting
was made, whichever first occurs.
To be in
proper written form, a stockholder's notice to the Secretary must set forth as
to each matter such stockholder proposes to bring before the Annual Meeting (i)
a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the
Annual
Meeting and the reasons for conducting such business
at the Annual Meeting, (ii) the name and record address of such stockholder,
(iii) the class or series and number of shares of capital stock of the
Corporation which are owned beneficially or of record by such stockholder, (iv)
a description of all arrangements or understandings between such stockholder and
any other person or persons (including their names) in connection with the
proposal of such business by such stockholder and any material interest of such
stockholder in such business and (v) a representation that such stockholder is a
holder of record of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at such meeting
and that such stockholder intends to appear in person or by proxy at the Annual
Meeting to bring such business before the meeting.
In
addition, notwithstanding anything in this Section
4 to the
contrary, a stockholder intending to nominate one or more persons for election
as a director at an Annual or Special Meeting of Stockholders must comply with
Section
5 of
Article
II of these
By-Laws for such nominations to be properly brought before such
meeting.
No
business shall be conducted at the Annual Meeting of Stockholders except
business brought before the Annual Meeting in accordance with the procedures set
forth in this Section
4;
provided,
however, that,
once business has been properly brought before the Annual Meeting in accordance
with such procedures, nothing in this Section
4 shall be
deemed to preclude discussion by any stockholder of any such business. If the
chairman of an Annual Meeting determines that business
was not properly brought before the Annual Meeting in
accordance with the foregoing procedures, the chairman shall declare to the
meeting that the business was not properly brought before the meeting and such
business shall not be transacted.
Section
5. Nomination
of Directors
. Only
persons who are nominated in accordance with the following procedures shall be
eligible for election as directors of the Corporation, except as may be
otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation with respect to the right
of holders of preferred stock of the Corporation to nominate and elect a
specified number of directors in certain circumstances. Nominations of persons
for election to the Board of Directors may be made at any Annual Meeting of
Stockholders, or at any Special Meeting of Stockholders called for the purpose
of electing directors, (a) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors (or
any duly authorized committee thereof) or (b) by any stockholder of the
Corporation (i) who is a stockholder of record on the date of the giving of the
notice provided for in this Section
5 and on
the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to notice of and
to vote at such meeting and (ii) who complies with the notice procedures set
forth in this Section
5.
In
addition to any other applicable requirements, for a nomination to be made by a
stockholder, such stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in proper
written form to the Secretary of the Corporation.
To be
timely, a stockholder's notice to the Secretary must be delivered to or mailed
and received at the principal executive offices of the Corporation (a) in the
case of an Annual Meeting, not less than ninety (90) days nor more than one
hundred twenty (120) days prior to the anniversary date of the immediately
preceding Annual Meeting of Stockholders; provided,
however, that in
the event that the Annual Meeting is called for a date that is not within thirty
(30) days before or after such anniversary date, notice by the stockholder in
order to be timely must be so received not later than the close of business on
the tenth (10th) day following the day on which such notice of the date of the
Annual Meeting was mailed or such public disclosure of the date of the Annual
Meeting was made, whichever first occurs; and (b) in the case of a Special
Meeting of Stockholders called for the purpose of electing directors, not later
than the close of business on the tenth (10th) day following the day on which
notice of the date of the Special Meeting was mailed or public disclosure of the
date of the Special Meeting was made, whichever first occurs.
To be in
proper written form, a stockholder's notice to the Secretary must set forth (a)
as to each person whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election as a
director (i) the name, age, business address and residence address of the
person, (ii) the principal occupation or employment of the person, (iii) the
class or series and number of shares of capital stock of the Corporation which
are owned beneficially or of record by the person and (iv) any other information
relating to the person that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy
statement or other filings
required to be made in connection with solicitations
of proxies for election of directors pursuant to Section 14 of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), and the rules and
regulations promulgated thereunder; and (b) as to the stockholder giving the
notice (i) the name and record address of such stockholder, (ii) the class or
series and number of shares of capital stock of the Corporation which are owned
beneficially or of record by such stockholder, (iii) a description of all
arrangements or understandings between such stockholder and each proposed
nominee and any other person or persons (including their names) pursuant to
which the nomination(s) are to be made by such stockholder, (iv) a
representation that such stockholder is a holder of record of stock of the
Corporation entitled to vote at such meeting and that such stockholder intends
to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to nominate the persons named in
its notice and (v) any other information relating to such stockholder that would
be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be
made in connection with solicitations of proxies for election of directors
pursuant to Section 14 of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations
promulgated thereunder. Such notice must be accompanied by a written consent of
each proposed nominee to being named as a nominee and to serve as a director if
elected.
No person
shall be eligible for election as a director of the Corporation unless nominated
in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section
5. If the
chairman of the meeting determines that a nomination was not made in
accordance
with the foregoing procedures, the chairman shall
declare to the meeting that the nomination was defective and such defective
nomination shall be disregarded.
Section
6. Notice
.
Whenever stockholders are required or permitted to take any action at a meeting,
a written notice of the meeting shall be given which shall state the place, date
and hour of the meeting, and, in the case of a Special Meeting, the purpose or
purposes for which the meeting is called. Unless otherwise required by law,
written notice of any meeting shall be given not less than ten (10) nor more
than sixty (60) days before the date of the meeting to each stockholder entitled
to notice of and to vote at such meeting.
Section
7. Adjournments
. Any
meeting of the stockholders may be adjourned from time to time to reconvene at
the same or some other place, and notice need not be given of any such adjourned
meeting if the time and place thereof are announced at the meeting at which the
adjournment is taken. At the adjourned meeting, the Corporation may transact any
business which might have been transacted at the original meeting. If the
adjournment is for more than thirty (30) days, or if after the adjournment a new
record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, notice of the adjourned meeting
in accordance with the requirements of Section
6 of this
Article
II shall be
given to each stockholder of record entitled to notice of and to vote at the
meeting.
Section
8. Quorum
. Unless
otherwise required by applicable law or the Certificate of Incorporation, the
holders of not less than one-third of the Corporation's capital stock issued and
outstanding and entitled to vote thereat, present in person or represented by
proxy, shall constitute a quorum at all meetings of the stockholders for the
transaction of business. A quorum, once established, shall not be broken by the
withdrawal of enough votes to leave less than a quorum. If, however, such quorum
shall not be present or represented at any meeting of the stockholders, the
stockholders entitled to vote thereat, present in person or represented by
proxy, shall have power to adjourn the meeting from time to time, in the manner
provided in Section
7 of this
Article
II, until a
quorum shall be present or represented.
Section
9. Voting
. Unless
otherwise required by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws,
any question brought before any meeting of the stockholders, other than the
election of directors, shall be decided by the vote of the holders of a majority
of the total number of votes of the Corporation's capital stock represented and
entitled to vote thereat, voting as a single class. Unless otherwise provided in
the Certificate of Incorporation, and subject to Section
12 of this
Article
II, each
stockholder represented at a meeting of the stockholders shall be entitled to
cast one (1) vote for each share of the capital stock entitled to vote thereat
held by such stockholder. Such votes may be cast in person or by proxy as
provided in Section
10 of this
Article
II. The
Board of Directors, in its discretion, or the officer of the Corporation
presiding at a meeting of the stockholders, in such officer's
discretion, may require that any votes cast at such
meeting shall be cast by written ballot.
Section
10. Proxies
. Each
stockholder entitled to vote at a meeting of the stockholders may authorize
another person or persons to act for such stockholder as proxy, but no such
proxy shall be voted upon after three years from its date, unless such proxy
provides for a longer period. Without limiting the manner in which a stockholder
may authorize another person or persons to act for such stockholder as proxy,
the following shall constitute a valid means by which a stockholder may grant
such authority:
(i) A
stockholder may execute a writing authorizing another person or persons to act
for such stockholder as proxy. Execution may be accomplished by the stockholder
or such stockholder's authorized officer, director, employee or agent signing
such writing or causing such person's signature to be affixed to such writing by
any reasonable means, including, but not limited to, by facsimile
signature.
(ii) A
stockholder may authorize another person or persons to act for such stockholder
as proxy by transmitting or authorizing the transmission of a telegram or
cablegram to the person who will be the holder of the proxy or to a proxy
solicitation firm, proxy support
service organization or like agent duly authorized by
the person who will be the holder of the proxy to receive such telegram or
cablegram, provided that any such telegram or cablegram must either set forth or
be submitted with information from which it can be determined that the telegram
or cablegram was authorized by the stockholder. If it is determined that such
telegrams or cablegrams are valid, the inspectors or, if there are no
inspectors, such other persons making that determination shall specify the
information on which they relied.
Any copy,
facsimile telecommunication or other reliable reproduction of the writing,
telegram or cablegram authorizing another person or persons to act as proxy for
a stockholder may be substituted or used in lieu of the original writing,
telegram or cablegram for any and all purposes for which the original writing,
telegram or cablegram could be used; provided, however, that such copy,
facsimile telecommunication or other reproduction shall be a complete
reproduction of the entire original writing, telegram or cablegram.
Section
11. List
of Stockholders Entitled to Vote
. The
officer of the Corporation who has charge of the stock ledger of the Corporation
shall prepare and make, at least ten (10) days before every meeting of the
stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at the
meeting, arranged in alphabetical order, and showing the address of each
stockholder and the number of shares registered in
the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be open
to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting,
during ordinary business hours, for a period of at least ten (10) days prior to
the meeting (i) either at a place within the city where the meeting is to be
held, which place shall be specified in the notice of the meeting, or, if not so
specified, at the place where the meeting is to be held or (ii) during ordinary
business hours, at the principal place of business of the Corporation. The list
shall also be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the
whole time thereof, and may be inspected by any stockholder who is
present.
Section
12. Record
Date
. In
order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of
or to vote at any meeting of the stockholders or any adjournment thereof, the
Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede
the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the
Board of Directors, and which record date shall not be more than sixty (60) nor
less than ten (10) days before the date of such meeting. If no record date is
fixed by the Board of Directors, the record date for determining stockholders
entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of the stockholders shall be at
the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which notice is
given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next
preceding the day on which the meeting is held. A determination of stockholders
of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of the stockholders
shall apply to any adjournment of the
meeting; provided,
however, that
the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned
meeting.
Section
13. Stock
Ledger
. The
stock ledger of the Corporation shall be the only evidence as to who are the
stockholders entitled to examine the stock ledger, the list required by
Section
11 of this
Article
II or the
books of the Corporation, or to vote in person or by proxy at any meeting of the
stockholders.
Section
14. Conduct
of Meetings
. The
Board of Directors of the Corporation may adopt by resolution such rules and
regulations for the conduct of any meeting of the stockholders as it shall deem
appropriate. Except to the extent inconsistent with such rules and regulations
as adopted by the Board of Directors, the chairman of any meeting of the
stockholders shall have the right and authority to prescribe such rules,
regulations and procedures and to do all such acts as, in the judgment of such
chairman, are appropriate for the proper conduct of the meeting. Such rules,
regulations or procedures, whether adopted by the Board of Directors or
prescribed by the chairman of the meeting, may include, without limitation, the
following: (i) the establishment of an agenda or order of business for the
meeting; (ii) the determination of when the polls shall open and close for any
given matter to be voted on at the meeting; (iii) rules and procedures for
maintaining order at the meeting and the safety of those present; (iv)
limitations on attendance at or participation in the meeting to stockholders of
record of the Corporation, their duly authorized and constituted proxies or such
other persons as the chairman of the
meeting shall determine; (v) restrictions on entry to
the meeting after the time fixed for the commencement thereof; and (vi)
limitations on the time allotted to questions or comments by
participants.
Section
15. Inspectors
of Election
. In
advance of any meeting of the stockholders, the Board of Directors, by
resolution, the Chairman of the Board of Directors, if there be one, or the
President shall appoint one or more inspectors to act at the meeting and make a
written report thereof. One or more other persons may be designated as alternate
inspectors to replace any inspector who fails to act. If no inspector or
alternate is able to act at a meeting of the stockholders, the chairman of the
meeting shall appoint one or more inspectors to act at the meeting. Unless
otherwise required by applicable law, inspectors may be officers, employees or
agents of the Corporation. Each inspector, before entering upon the discharge of
the duties of inspector, shall take and sign an oath faithfully to execute the
duties of inspector with strict impartiality and according to the best of such
inspector's ability. The inspector shall have the duties prescribed by law and
shall take charge of the polls and, when the vote is completed, shall make a
certificate of the result of the vote taken and of such other facts as may be
required by applicable law.
ARTICLE
III
DIRECTORS
Section
1. Number
and Election of Directors
. The
Board of Directors shall consist of not less than five nor more than fifteen
members, the exact number of which shall be fixed from time to time by the Board
of Directors. The Board of Directors shall be divided into three classes,
designated Class I, Class II and Class III. The initial division of the Board of
Directors into classes shall be made by the decision of the affirmative vote of
a majority of the entire Board of Directors. The term of the initial Class I
directors shall terminate on the date of the 2005 Annual Meeting; the term of
the initial Class II directors shall terminate on the date of the 2006 Annual
Meeting; and the term of the initial Class III directors shall terminate on the
date of the 2007 Annual Meeting or, in each case, upon such director's earlier
death, resignation, retirement, disqualification or removal from office. At each
succeeding Annual Meeting of Stockholders beginning in 2005, successors to the
class of directors whose term expires at that Annual Meeting shall be elected
for a three-year term and until their successors are duly elected and qualified,
subject, however, to prior death, resignation, retirement, disqualification or
removal from office. If the number of directors is changed, any increase or
decrease shall be apportioned among the classes, and any additional director of
any class elected to fill a vacancy resulting from an increase in such class or
from the removal from office, death, disability, resignation or disqualification
of a director or other cause shall hold
office for a term that shall coincide with the
remaining term of that class, but in no case will a decrease in the number of
directors have the effect of removing or shortening the term of any incumbent
director. Except as provided in Section
2 of this
Article
III,
directors shall be elected by a plurality of the votes cast at each Annual
Meeting of Stockholders and each director so elected shall hold office until
such director's term expires and until such director's successor is duly elected
and qualified, or until such director's earlier death, resignation, retirement,
disqualification or removal. Directors need not be
stockholders.
Section
2. Vacancies
. Any
vacancy on the Board of Directors that results from an increase in the number of
directors may be filled by a majority of the Board of Directors then in office,
provided that a quorum is present, and any other vacancy occurring on the Board
of Directors may be filled by a majority of the Board of Directors then in
office, even if less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director. Any
director of any class elected to fill a vacancy resulting from an increase in
the number of directors of such class shall hold office for a term that shall
coincide with the remaining term of that class. Any director elected to fill a
vacancy not resulting from an increase in the number of directors shall have the
same remaining term as that of his or her predecessor.
Section
3. Duties
and Powers
. The
business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the
direction of the Board of Directors which may exercise all such powers of the
Corporation and do all such lawful acts
and things as are not by statute or by the
Certificate of Incorporation or by these By-Laws required to be exercised or
done by the stockholders.
Section
4. Meetings
. The
Board of Directors may hold meetings, both regular and special, either within or
without the State of Delaware. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors may be
held without notice at such time and at such place as may from time to time be
determined by the Board of Directors. Special meetings of the Board of Directors
may be called by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, if there be one, the
President, or a majority of the members of the Board of Directors then in
office. Notice thereof stating the place, date and hour of the meeting shall be
given to each director either by mail not less than forty-eight (48) hours
before the date of the meeting, by telephone or telegram on twenty-four (24)
hours' notice, or on such shorter notice as the person or persons calling such
meeting may deem necessary or appropriate in the circumstances.
Section
5. Organization
. At each
meeting of the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board of Directors, or,
in his or her absence, a director chosen by a majority of the directors present,
shall act as chairman. The Secretary of the Corporation shall act as secretary
at each meeting of the Board of Directors. In case the Secretary shall be absent
from any meeting of the Board of Directors, an Assistant Secretary shall perform
the duties of secretary at such meeting; and in the absence from any such
meeting of the Secretary and all the Assistant Secretaries, the chairman of the
meeting may appoint any person to act as secretary of the meeting.
Section
6. Resignations
and Removals of Directors
. Any
director of the Corporation may resign at any time, by giving notice in writing
to the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the President or the Secretary of the
Corporation. Such resignation shall take effect at the time therein specified
or, if no time is specified, immediately; and, unless otherwise specified in
such notice, the acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make
it effective. Except as otherwise required by applicable law and subject to the
rights, if any, of the holders of shares of preferred stock then outstanding,
any director or the entire Board of Directors may be removed from office at any
time, but only for cause, and only by the affirmative vote of the holders of at
least a two-thirds in voting power of the issued and outstanding capital stock
of the Corporation entitled to vote in the election of directors.
Section
7. Quorum
. Except
as otherwise required by law or the Certificate of Incorporation, at all
meetings of the Board of Directors, a majority of the entire Board of Directors
shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business and the act of a
majority of the directors present at any meeting at which there is a quorum
shall be the act of the Board of Directors. If a quorum shall not be present at
any meeting of the Board of Directors, the directors present thereat may adjourn
the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the
meeting of the time and place of the adjourned meeting, until a quorum shall be
present.
Section
8. Actions
of the Board by Written Consent
. Unless
otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws, any
action
required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of
the Board of Directors or of any committee thereof may be taken without a
meeting, if all the members of the Board of Directors or committee, as the case
may be, consent thereto in writing, and the writing or writings are filed with
the minutes of proceedings of the Board of Directors or committee.
Section
9. Meetings
by Means of Conference Telephone
. Unless
otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws, members
of the Board of Directors of the Corporation, or any committee thereof, may
participate in a meeting of the Board of Directors or such committee by means of
a conference telephone or other communications equipment by means of which all
persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and participation in a
meeting pursuant to this Section
9 shall
constitute presence in person at such meeting.
Section
10. Committees
. The
Board of Directors may designate one or more committees, each committee to
consist of one or more of the directors of the Corporation. The Board of
Directors may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any
committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of
any such committee. In the absence or disqualification of a member of a
committee, and in the absence of a designation by the Board of Directors of an
alternate member to replace the absent or disqualified member, the member or
members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether
or not such member or members constitute a quorum, may unanimously
appoint another member of the Board of Directors to
act at the meeting in the place of any absent or disqualified member. Any
committee, to the extent permitted by law and provided in the resolution
establishing such committee, shall have and may exercise all the powers and
authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and
affairs of the Corporation, and may authorize the seal of the Corporation to be
affixed to all papers which may require it. Each committee shall keep regular
minutes and report to the Board of Directors when required.
Section
11. Compensation
. The
directors may be paid their expenses, if any, of attendance at each meeting of
the Board of Directors and may be paid a fixed sum for attendance at each
meeting of the Board of Directors or a stated salary for service as director,
payable in cash or securities. No such payment shall preclude any director from
serving the Corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation
therefor. Members of special or standing committees may be allowed like
compensation for service as committee members.
Section
12. Interested
Directors
. No
contract or transaction between the Corporation and one or more of its directors
or officers, or between the Corporation and any other corporation, partnership,
association or other organization in which one or more of its directors or
officers are directors or officers or have a financial interest, shall be void
or voidable solely for this reason, or solely because the director or officer is
present at or participates in the meeting of the Board of Directors or committee
thereof which authorizes the contract or transaction, or solely
because any such director's or officer's vote is
counted for such purpose if: (i) the material facts as to the director's or
officer's relationship or interest and as to the contract or transaction are
disclosed or are known to the Board of Directors or the committee, and the Board
of Directors or committee in good faith authorizes the contract or transaction
by the affirmative votes of a majority of the disinterested directors, even
though the disinterested directors be less than a quorum; or (ii) the material
facts as to the director's or officer's relationship or interest and as to the
contract or transaction are disclosed or are known to the stockholders entitled
to vote thereon, and the contract or transaction is specifically approved in
good faith by vote of the stockholders; or (iii) the contract or transaction is
fair as to the Corporation as of the time it is authorized, approved or ratified
by the Board of Directors, a committee thereof or the stockholders. Common or
interested directors may be counted in determining the presence of a quorum at a
meeting of the Board of Directors or of a committee which authorizes the
contract or transaction.
ARTICLE
IV
OFFICERS
Section
1. General
. The
officers of the Corporation shall be chosen by the Board of Directors and shall
be a President, a Secretary and a Treasurer. The Board of Directors, in its
discretion, also may choose a Chairman of the Board of Directors (who must be a
director), a Chief Operating Officer, a Chief Financial Officer and one or more
Vice Presidents, Assistant Secretaries, Assistant
Treasurers and other officers. Any number of offices
may be held by the same person, unless otherwise prohibited by law, the
Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws. The officers of the Corporation
need not be stockholders of the Corporation nor, except in the case of the
Chairman of the Board of Directors, need such officers be directors of the
Corporation.
Section
2. Election
. The
Board of Directors, at its first meeting held after each Annual Meeting of
Stockholders, shall elect the officers of the Corporation who shall hold their
offices for such terms and shall exercise such powers and perform such duties as
shall be determined from time to time by the Board of Directors; and each
officer of the Corporation shall hold office until such officer's successor is
elected and qualified, or until such officer's earlier death, resignation or
removal. Any officer elected by the Board of Directors may be removed at any
time by the Board of Directors. Any vacancy occurring in any office of the
Corporation shall be filled by the Board of Directors. The salaries of all
officers of the Corporation shall be fixed by the Board of
Directors.
Section
3. Voting
Securities Owned by the Corporation
. Powers
of attorney, proxies, waivers of notice of meeting, consents and other
instruments relating to securities owned by the Corporation may be executed in
the name of and on behalf of the Corporation by the President, the Chief
Operating Officer or the Chief Financial Officer or any Vice President or any
other officer authorized to do so by the Board of Directors and any such officer
may, in the name of and on behalf of
the Corporation, take all such action as any such
officer may deem advisable to vote in person or by proxy at any meeting of
security holders of any corporation in which the Corporation may own securities
and at any such meeting shall possess and may exercise any and all rights and
power incident to the ownership of such securities and which, as the owner
thereof, the Corporation might have exercised and possessed if present. The
Board of Directors may, by resolution, from time to time confer like powers upon
any other person or persons.
Section
4. Chairman
of the Board of Directors
. The
Chairman of the Board of Directors, if there be one, shall act as chairman at
all meetings of the stockholders and of the Board of Directors. The Chairman of
the Board of Directors shall be the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation,
unless the Board of Directors designates the President as the Chief Executive
Officer, and, except where by law the signature of the President is required,
the Chairman of the Board of Directors shall possess the same power as the
President to sign all contracts, certificates and other instruments of the
Corporation which may be authorized by the Board of Directors. During the
absence or disability of the President, the Chairman of the Board of Directors
shall exercise all the powers and discharge all the duties of the President. The
Chairman of the Board of Directors shall also perform such other duties and may
exercise such other powers as may from time to time be assigned by these By-Laws
or by the Board of Directors.
Section
5. President
. The
President shall, subject to the control of the Board of Directors and the
Chairman of the Board of Directors, if there be one, have general supervision of
the business of the Corporation and shall see that all orders and resolutions of
the Board of Directors are carried into effect. The President shall execute all
bonds, mortgages, contracts and other instruments of the Corporation requiring a
seal, under the seal of the Corporation, except where required or permitted by
law to be otherwise signed and executed and except that the other officers of
the Corporation may sign and execute documents when so authorized by these
By-Laws, the Board of Directors or the President. In the absence or disability
of the Chairman of the Board of Directors, or if there be none, the President
shall act as chairman at all meetings of the stockholders and, provided the
President is also a director, the Board of Directors. If there be no Chairman of
the Board of Directors, or if the Board of Directors shall otherwise designate,
the President shall be the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation. The
President shall also perform such other duties and may exercise such other
powers as may from time to time be assigned to such officer by these By-Laws or
by the Board of Directors.
Section
6. Chief
Operating Officer
. The
Chief Operating Officer, if there be one, shall, subject to the control of the
Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board of Directors, if there be one, and
the President, be responsible for the day-to-day management of the Corporation's
operations. The Chief Operating Officer shall also perform such other duties and
may exercise such other powers as may from
time to time be assigned to such officer by these
By-Laws or by the Board of Directors. At the request of the President or in the
President's absence or in the event of the President's inability or refusal to
act (and if there be no Chairman of the Board of Directors), the Chief Operating
Officer shall perform the duties of the President, and when so acting, shall
have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the
President.
Section
7. Chief
Financial Officer
. The
Chief Financial Officer, if there be one, shall, subject to the control of the
Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board of Directors, if there be one, the
President and the Chief Operating Officer, if there be one, have the
responsibility for the financial affairs of the Corporation and shall exercise
supervisory responsibility for the performance of the duties of the Treasurer
and the controller, if any, of the Corporation. The Chief Financial Officer
shall also perform such other duties and may exercise such other powers as may
from time to time be assigned to such officer by these By-Laws or by the Board
of Directors.
Section
8. Vice
Presidents
. At the
request of the President or in the President's absence or in the event of the
President's inability or refusal to act (and if there be no Chairman of the
Board of Directors and no Chief Operating Officer), the Vice President, or the
Vice Presidents if there are more than one (in the order designated by the Board
of Directors), shall perform the duties of the President, and when so acting,
shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions
upon
the President. Each Vice President shall perform such
other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors from time to
time may prescribe. If there be no Chairman of the Board of Directors, no Chief
Operating Officer and no Vice President, the Board of Directors shall designate
the officer of the Corporation who, in the absence of the President or in the
event of the inability or refusal of the President to act, shall perform the
duties of the President, and when so acting, shall have all the powers of and be
subject to all the restrictions upon the President.
Section
9. Secretary
. The
Secretary shall attend all meetings of the Board of Directors and all meetings
of the stockholders and record all the proceedings thereat in a book or books to
be kept for that purpose; the Secretary shall also perform like duties for
committees of the Board of Directors when required. The Secretary shall give, or
cause to be given, notice of all meetings of the stockholders and special
meetings of the Board of Directors, and shall perform such other duties as may
be prescribed by the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board of Directors,
if there be one, the President or the Chief Operating Officer, if there be one.
If the Secretary shall be unable or shall refuse to cause to be given notice of
all meetings of the stockholders and special meetings of the Board of Directors,
and if there be no Assistant Secretary, then either the Board of Directors or
the President may choose another officer to cause such notice to be given. The
Secretary shall have custody of the seal of the Corporation and the Secretary or
any Assistant Secretary, if there be one, shall have authority to affix the same
to any instrument requiring it and when so
affixed, it may be attested by the signature of the
Secretary or by the signature of any such Assistant Secretary. The Board of
Directors may give general authority to any other officer to affix the seal of
the Corporation and to attest to the affixing by such officer's signature. The
Secretary shall see that all books, reports, statements, certificates and other
documents and records required by law to be kept or filed are properly kept or
filed, as the case may be.
Section
10. Treasurer
. The
Treasurer shall have the custody of the corporate funds and securities and shall
keep full and accurate accounts of receipts and disbursements in books belonging
to the Corporation and shall deposit all moneys and other valuable effects in
the name and to the credit of the Corporation in such depositories as may be
designated by the Board of Directors. The Treasurer shall disburse the funds of
the Corporation as may be ordered by the Board of Directors, taking proper
vouchers for such disbursements, and shall render to the President, the Chief
Operating Officer, if there be one, the Chief Financial Officer, if there be
one, and the Board of Directors, at its regular meetings, or when the Board of
Directors so requires, an account of all transactions as Treasurer and of the
financial condition of the Corporation. If required by the Board of Directors,
the Treasurer shall give the Corporation a bond in such sum and with such surety
or sureties as shall be satisfactory to the Board of Directors for the faithful
performance of the duties of the office of the Treasurer and for the restoration
to the Corporation, in case of the Treasurer's death, resignation, retirement or
removal from office, of all books, papers,
vouchers, money and other property of whatever kind
in the Treasurer's possession or under the Treasurer's control belonging to the
Corporation.
Section
11. Assistant
Secretaries
.
Assistant Secretaries, if there be any, shall perform such duties and have such
powers as from time to time may be assigned to them by the Board of Directors,
the President, the Chief Operating Officer, if there be one, any Vice President,
if there be one, or the Secretary, and in the absence of the Secretary or in the
event of the Secretary's inability or refusal to act, shall perform the duties
of the Secretary, and when so acting, shall have all the powers of and be
subject to all the restrictions upon the Secretary.
Section
12. Assistant
Treasurers
.
Assistant Treasurers, if there be any, shall perform such duties and have such
powers as from time to time may be assigned to them by the Board of Directors,
the President, the Chief Operating Officer, if there be one, the Chief Financial
Officer, if there be one, any Vice President, if there be one, or the Treasurer,
and in the absence of the Treasurer or in the event of the Treasurer's inability
or refusal to act, shall perform the duties of the Treasurer, and when so
acting, shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon
the Treasurer. If required by the Board of Directors, an Assistant Treasurer
shall give the Corporation a bond in such sum and with such surety or sureties
as shall be satisfactory to the Board of Directors for the faithful performance
of the duties of the office of Assistant Treasurer and for the restoration to
the Corporation, in case of the Assistant Treasurer's death, resignation,
retirement or
removal from office, of all books, papers, vouchers,
money and other property of whatever kind in the Assistant Treasurer's
possession or under the Assistant Treasurer's control belonging to the
Corporation.
Section
13. Other
Officers
. Such
other officers as the Board of Directors may choose shall perform such duties
and have such powers as from time to time may be assigned to them by the Board
of Directors. The Board of Directors may delegate to any other officer of the
Corporation the power to choose such other officers and to prescribe their
respective duties and powers.
ARTICLE
V
STOCK
Section
1. Form
of Certificates
. Shares
of stock of the Corporation may be certificated or uncertificated, as provided
under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, and shall be entered
in the books of the Corporation and registered as they are issued. Every holder
of stock in the Corporation, upon written request to the transfer agent or
registrar, shall be entitled to have a certificate signed by, or in the name of
the Corporation (i) by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the President or
a Vice President and (ii) by the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer, or the
Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Corporation, certifying the number of
shares owned by such stockholder in the Corporation.
Section
2. Signatures
. Any or
all of the signatures on a certificate may be a facsimile. In case any officer,
transfer agent or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been
placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent
or registrar before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the
Corporation with the same effect as if such person were such officer, transfer
agent or registrar at the date of issue.
Section
3. Lost
Certificates
. The
Board of Directors may direct new certificated or uncertificated shares be
issued in place of any certificate theretofore issued by the Corporation alleged
to have been lost, stolen or destroyed, upon the making of an affidavit of that
fact by the person claiming the certificate of stock to be lost, stolen or
destroyed. When authorizing such issue of new certificated or uncertificated
shares, the Board of Directors may, in its discretion and as a condition
precedent to the issuance thereof, require the owner of such lost, stolen or
destroyed certificate, or such owner’s legal representative, to advertise the
same in such manner as the Board of Directors shall require and/or to give the
Corporation a bond in such sum as it may direct as indemnity against any claim
that may be made against the Corporation on account of the alleged loss, theft
or destruction of such certificate or the issuance of such new certificated or
uncertificated shares.
Section
4. Transfers
. Stock
of the Corporation shall be transferable in the manner prescribed by applicable
law and in these By-Laws. Transfers of stock shall be made on the books of the
Corporation only by the person
named in the books or by such person’s attorney
lawfully constituted in writing, or if such shares are certificated, only by the
person named in the certificate or by such person’s attorney lawfully
constituted in writing and upon the surrender of the certificate therefor,
properly endorsed for transfer and payment of all necessary transfer taxes;
provided,
however, that
such surrender and endorsement or payment of taxes shall not be required in any
case in which the officers of the Corporation shall determine to waive such
requirement. Every share transferred, exchanged, returned or surrendered to the
Corporation shall be cancelled, and with respect to a certificated share marked
“Cancelled,” with a notation as to the date of cancellation, by the Secretary or
Assistant Secretary of the Corporation or the transfer agent thereof. No
transfer of stock shall be valid as against the Corporation for any purpose
until it shall have been entered in the stock records of the Corporation by an
entry showing from and to whom transferred.
Section
5. Dividend
Record Date
. In
order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to receive
payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights or the
stockholders entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change,
conversion or exchange of stock, or for the purpose of any other lawful action,
the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not
precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted,
and which record date shall be not more than sixty (60) days prior to such
action. If no record date is fixed, the record date for determining stockholders
for any
such purpose shall be at the close of business on the
day on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution relating
thereto.
Section
6. Record
Owners
. The
Corporation shall be entitled to recognize the exclusive right of a person
registered on its books as the owner of shares to receive dividends, and to vote
as such owner, and to hold liable for calls and assessments a person registered
on its books as the owner of shares, and shall not be bound to recognize any
equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or shares on the part of
any other person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof,
except as otherwise required by law.
Section
7. Transfer
and Registry Agents
. The
Corporation may from time to time maintain one or more transfer offices or
agencies and registry offices or agencies at such place or places as may be
determined from time to time by the Board of Directors.
ARTICLE
VI
NOTICES
Section
1. Notices
.
Whenever written notice is required by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or
these By-Laws, to be given to any director, member of a committee or
stockholder, such notice may be given by mail, addressed to such director,
member of a committee or stockholder, at such person's address as it appears on
the records of the Corporation, with postage thereon prepaid, and
such
notice shall be deemed to be given at the time when
the same shall be deposited in the United States mail. Written notice may also
be given personally or by telegram, telex or cable.
Section
2. Waivers
of Notice
.
Whenever any notice is required by applicable law, the Certificate of
Incorporation or these By-Laws, to be given to any director, member of a
committee or stockholder, a waiver thereof in writing, signed by the person or
persons entitled to notice, whether before or after the time stated therein,
shall be deemed equivalent thereto. Attendance of a person at a meeting, present
in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a waiver of notice of such
meeting, except where the person attends the meeting for the express purpose of
objecting at the beginning of the meeting to the transaction of any business
because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Neither the business to
be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any Annual or Special Meeting of
Stockholders or any regular or special meeting of the directors or members of a
committee of directors need be specified in any written waiver of notice unless
so required by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these
By-Laws.
ARTICLE
VII
GENERAL
PROVISIONS
Section
1. Dividends
.
Dividends upon the capital stock of the Corporation, subject to the requirements
of the General Corporation Law of the State
of Delaware (the “DGCL”) and the provisions of the
Certificate of Incorporation, if any, may be declared by the Board of Directors
at any regular or special meeting of the Board of Directors (or any action by
written consent in lieu thereof in accordance with Section
8 of
Article
III hereof),
and may be paid in cash, in property, or in shares of the Corporation's capital
stock. Before payment of any dividend, there may be set aside out of any funds
of the Corporation available for dividends such sum or sums as the Board of
Directors from time to time, in its absolute discretion, deems proper as a
reserve or reserves to meet contingencies, or for purchasing any of the shares
of capital stock, warrants, rights, options, bonds, debentures, notes, scrip or
other securities or evidences of indebtedness of the Corporation, or for
equalizing dividends, or for repairing or maintaining any property of the
Corporation, or for any proper purpose, and the Board of Directors may modify or
abolish any such reserve.
Section
2. Disbursements
. All
checks or demands for money and notes of the Corporation shall be signed by such
officer or officers or such other person or persons as the Board of Directors
may from time to time designate.
Section
3. Fiscal
Year
. The
fiscal year of the Corporation shall be fixed by resolution of the Board of
Directors.
Section
4. Corporate
Seal
. The
corporate seal shall have inscribed thereon the name of the Corporation, the
year of its organization and the words "Corporate Seal, Delaware". The seal may
be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or
reproduced or otherwise.
ARTICLE
VIII
INDEMNIFICATION
Section
1. Power
to Indemnify in Actions, Suits or Proceedings other than Those by or in the
Right of the Corporation
.
Subject
to Section
3 of this
Article
VIII, the
Corporation shall indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to
be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or
proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (other than
an action by or in the right of the Corporation), by reason of the fact that
such person is or was a director or officer of the Corporation, or is or was a
director or officer of the Corporation serving at the request of the Corporation
as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership,
joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys'
fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably
incurred by such person in connection with such action, suit or proceeding if
such person acted in good faith and in a manner such person reasonably believed
to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, and, with
respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe
such person's conduct was unlawful. The termination of any action, suit or
proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction, or upon a plea of nolo
contendere or its equivalent, shall not, of itself, create a presumption that
the person did not act in good faith and in a manner which such person
reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the
Corporation, and, with
respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had
reasonable cause to believe that such person's conduct was
unlawful.
Section
2. Power
to Indemnify in Actions, Suits or Proceedings by or in the Right of the
Corporation
.
Subject
to Section
3 of this
Article
VIII, the
Corporation shall indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to
be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in
the right of the Corporation to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the
fact that such person is or was a director or officer of the Corporation, or is
or was a director or officer of the Corporation serving at the request of the
Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation,
partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses
(including attorneys' fees) actually and reasonably incurred by such person in
connection with the defense or settlement of such action or suit if such person
acted in good faith and in a manner such person reasonably believed to be in or
not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation; except that no
indemnification shall be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to
which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to the Corporation
unless and only to the extent that the Court of Chancery of the State of
Delaware or the court in which such action or suit was brought shall determine
upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all
the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to
indemnity for such expenses which the Court of Chancery or such other court
shall deem proper.
Section
3. Authorization
of Indemnification
.
Any
indemnification under this Article
VIII (unless
ordered by a court) shall be made by the Corporation only as authorized in the
specific case upon a determination that indemnification of the present or former
director or officer is proper in the circumstances because such person has met
the applicable standard of conduct set forth in Section
1 or
Section
2 of this
Article
VIII, as the
case may be. Such determination shall be made, with respect to a person who is a
director or officer at the time of such determination, (i) by a majority vote of
the directors who are not parties to such action, suit or proceeding, even
though less than a quorum, or (ii) by a committee of such directors designated
by a majority vote of such directors, even though less than a quorum, or (iii)
if there are no such directors, or if such directors so direct, by independent
legal counsel in a written opinion or (iv) by the stockholders. Such
determination shall be made, with respect to former directors and officers, by
any person or persons having the authority to act on the matter on behalf of the
Corporation. To the extent, however, that a present or former director or
officer of the Corporation has been successful on the merits or otherwise in
defense of any action, suit or proceeding described above, or in defense of any
claim, issue or matter therein, such person shall be indemnified against
expenses (including attorneys' fees) actually and reasonably incurred by such
person in connection therewith, without the necessity of authorization in the
specific case.
Section
4. Good
Faith Defined
.
For
purposes of any determination under Section
3 of this
Article
VIII, a
person shall be deemed to have acted in good faith and in a manner such person
reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the
Corporation, or, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, to have had
no reasonable cause to believe such person's conduct was unlawful, if such
person's action is based on the records or books of account of the Corporation
or another enterprise, or on information supplied to such person by the officers
of the Corporation or another enterprise in the course of their duties, or on
the advice of legal counsel for the Corporation or another enterprise or on
information or records given or reports made to the Corporation or another
enterprise by an independent certified public accountant or by an appraiser or
other expert selected with reasonable care by the Corporation or another
enterprise. The provisions of this Section
4 shall
not be deemed to be exclusive or to limit in any way the circumstances in which
a person may be deemed to have met the applicable standard of conduct set forth
in Section
1 or
Section
2 of this
Article
VIII, as the
case may be.
Section
5. Indemnification
by a Court
.
Notwithstanding
any contrary determination in the specific case under Section
3 of this
Article
VIII, and
notwithstanding the absence of any determination thereunder, any director or
officer may apply to the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware or any other
court of competent jurisdiction in the State of Delaware for indemnification to
the extent
otherwise permissible under Section
1 or
Section
2 of this
Article
VIII. The
basis of such indemnification by a court shall be a determination by such court
that indemnification of the director or officer is proper in the circumstances
because such person has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in
Section
1 or
Section
2 of this
Article
VIII, as the
case may be. Neither a contrary determination in the specific case under
Section
3 of this
Article
VIII nor the
absence of any determination thereunder shall be a defense to such application
or create a presumption that the director or officer seeking indemnification has
not met any applicable standard of conduct. Notice of any application for
indemnification pursuant to this Section
5 shall be
given to the Corporation promptly upon the filing of such application. If
successful, in whole or in part, the director or officer seeking indemnification
shall also be entitled to be paid the expense of prosecuting such
application.
Section
6. Expenses
Payable in Advance
.
Expenses
(including attorneys' fees) incurred by a present or former director or officer
in defending any civil, criminal, administrative or investigative action, suit
or proceeding shall be paid by the Corporation in advance of the final
disposition of such action, suit or proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by
or on behalf of such director or officer to repay such amount if it shall
ultimately be determined that such person is not entitled to be indemnified by
the Corporation as authorized in this Article
VIII. Such
expenses (including attorneys' fees) incurred by other employees and agents may
be so paid upon such terms and conditions, if any, as the Corporation deems
appropriate.
Section
7. Nonexclusivity
of Indemnification and Advancement of Expenses
.
The
indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to,
this Article
VIII shall
not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which those seeking
indemnification or advancement of expenses may be entitled under the Certificate
of Incorporation, these By-Laws, agreement, vote of stockholders or
disinterested directors or otherwise, both as to action in such person's
official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such
office, it being the policy of the Corporation that indemnification of the
persons specified in Section
1 and
Section
2 of this
Article
VIII shall be
made to the fullest extent permitted by law. The provisions of this Article
VIII shall
not be deemed to preclude the indemnification of any person who is not specified
in Section
1 or
Section
2 of this
Article
VIII but whom
the Corporation has the power or obligation to indemnify under the provisions of
the DGCL, or otherwise.
Section
8. Insurance
.
The
Corporation may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is
or was a director or officer of the Corporation, or is or was a director or
officer of the Corporation serving at the request of the Corporation as a
director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint
venture, trust or other enterprise against any liability asserted against such
person and incurred by such person in any such capacity, or arising out of such
person's status as such, whether or not the Corporation would have the
power
or the obligation to indemnify such person against
such liability under the provisions of this Article
VIII.
Section
9. Certain
Definitions
.
For
purposes of this Article
VIII,
references to "the Corporation" shall include, in addition to the resulting
corporation, any constituent corporation (including any constituent of a
constituent) absorbed in a consolidation or merger which, if its separate
existence had continued, would have had power and authority to indemnify its
directors or officers, so that any person who is or was a director or officer of
such constituent corporation, or is or was a director or officer of such
constituent corporation serving at the request of such constituent corporation
as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership,
joint venture, trust or other enterprise, shall stand in the same position under
the provisions of this Article
VIII with
respect to the resulting or surviving corporation as such person would have with
respect to such constituent corporation if its separate existence had continued.
The term "another enterprise" as used in this Article
VIII shall
mean any other corporation or any partnership, joint venture, trust, employee
benefit plan or other enterprise of which such person is or was serving at the
request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent. For
purposes of this Article
VIII,
references to "fines" shall include any excise taxes assessed on a person with
respect to an employee benefit plan; and references to "serving at the request
of the Corporation" shall include any service as a director, officer, employee
or agent of the Corporation which imposes duties on, or involves services by,
such
director or officer with respect to an employee
benefit plan, its participants or beneficiaries; and a person who acted in good
faith and in a manner such person reasonably believed to be in the interest of
the participants and beneficiaries of an employee benefit plan shall be deemed
to have acted in a manner "not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation"
as referred to in this Article
VIII.
Section
10. Survival
of Indemnification and Advancement of Expenses
.
The
indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to,
this Article
VIII shall,
unless otherwise provided when authorized or ratified, continue as to a person
who has ceased to be a director or officer and shall inure to the benefit of the
heirs, executors and administrators of such a person.
Section
11. Limitation
on Indemnification
.
Notwithstanding
anything contained in this Article VIII to the contrary, except for proceedings
to enforce rights to indemnification (which shall be governed by Section 5 of
this Article VIII), the Corporation shall not be obligated to indemnify any
director or officer (or his or her heirs, executors or personal or legal
representatives) or advance expenses in connection with a proceeding (or part
thereof) initiated by such person unless such proceeding (or part thereof) was
authorized or consented to by the Board of Directors of the
Corporation.
Section
12. Indemnification
of Employees and Agents
.
The
Corporation may, to the extent authorized from time to time by the Board of
Directors, provide rights to indemnification and to the advancement of expenses
to
employees and agents of the Corporation similar to
those conferred in this Article
VIII to
directors and officers of the Corporation.
ARTICLE
IX
AMENDMENTS
Section
1. Amendments
. In
furtherance and not in limitation of the powers conferred upon it by the laws of
the State of Delaware, the Board of Directors shall have the power to adopt,
amend, alter or repeal the Corporation's By-Laws. The affirmative vote of at
least a majority of the entire Board of Directors shall be required to adopt,
amend, alter or repeal the Corporation's By-Laws. The Corporation's By-Laws also
may be adopted, amended, altered or repealed by the affirmative vote of the
holders of at least two-thirds of the voting power of the shares of capital
stock entitled to vote in connection with the election of directors of the
Corporation.
Section
2. Entire
Board of Directors
. As used
in this Article IX and in these By-Laws generally, the term "entire Board of
Directors" means the total number of directors which the Corporation would have
if there were no vacancies.
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Adopted
as of: May 8, 2007